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Canine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe and acute respiratory disease in dogs. In 2006, the H3N2 canine influenza virus was first identified in dogs from Guangdong province in China. Up to now, nine...
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Canine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe and acute respiratory disease in dogs. In 2006, the H3N2 canine influenza virus was first identified in dogs from Guangdong province in China. Up to now, nine CIVs have been isolated from different populations in Guangdong. The nine isolates were grouped together with the canine H3N2 viruses isolated from dogs and felines in Korea, when the eight phylogenetic trees constructed were compared. These findings emphasize the importance of CIV surveillance in this region for understanding the genesis of this virus, and it is important to remain aware of the potential of H3N2 CIV to be transmitted from dogs to the human population.
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Here, we compared the growth kinetics, cell-to-cell spread, and virus internalization kinetics in N2a cells of RABV variants isolated from vampire bats (V-3), domestic dogs (V-2) and marmosets (V-M) as well as the clinical symptom...
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Here, we compared the growth kinetics, cell-to-cell spread, and virus internalization kinetics in N2a cells of RABV variants isolated from vampire bats (V-3), domestic dogs (V-2) and marmosets (V-M) as well as the clinical symptoms and mortality caused by these variants. The replication rate of V-3 was significantly higher than those of V-2 and V-M. However, the uptake and spread of these RABV variants into N2a cells were inversely proportional. Nevertheless, V-3 had longer incubation and evolution periods. Our results provide evidence that the clinical manifestations of infection with bat RABV variant occur at a later time when compared to what was observed with canine and marmoset rabies virus variants.
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Schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus, is spreading among ruminants, especially sheep and cattle, throughout Europe. To determine the risk for domestic dog infection, we conducted a survey among cases referred to the univer...
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Schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus, is spreading among ruminants, especially sheep and cattle, throughout Europe. To determine the risk for domestic dog infection, we conducted a survey among cases referred to the university Companion Animal Clinic to assess possible seroconversion. No evidence of transmission to dogs was detected.
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Infectious diseases impact African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), but the nature and magnitude of this threat likely varies among populations according to different factors, such as the presence and prevalence of pathogens and land-us...
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Infectious diseases impact African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), but the nature and magnitude of this threat likely varies among populations according to different factors, such as the presence and prevalence of pathogens and land-use characteristics. We systematically evaluated these factors to assist development of locally appropriate strategies to mitigate disease risk. Wild dogs from 16 sites representing five unconnected populations were examined for rabies virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, and Babesia spp. exposure. Analyses revealed widespread exposure to viral pathogens, but Babesia was never detected. Exposure to CDV was associated with unprotected and protected-unfenced areas where wild dogs likely have a high probability of domestic dog contact and, in the case of protected-unfenced areas, likely reside amongst high wildlife densities. Our findings also suggest that domestic dog contact may increase rabies and coronavirus exposure risk. Therefore, domestic dogs may be a source of CDV, rabies and coronavirus, while wildlife may also play an important role in CDV transmission dynamics. Relatively high parvovirus seroprevalence across land-use types suggests that it might persist in the absence of spillover from domestic dogs. Should intervention be needed to control pathogens in wild dogs, efforts to prevent rabies and coronavirus exposure might be directed at reducing infection in the presumed domestic dog reservoir through vaccination. If prevention of CDV and parvovirus infections were deemed a management necessity, control of disease in domestic dogs may be insufficient to reduce transmission risks, and vaccination of wild dogs themselves may be the optimal strategy.
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Virale Dermatosen kommen bei Kleintieren nur selten vor und werden vermutlich auch haufig übersehen. Ziel dieser ubersichtsarbeit ist, die klinischen und histologischen Veranderungen viraler Dermatosen bei Hunden und Katzen darzu...
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Virale Dermatosen kommen bei Kleintieren nur selten vor und werden vermutlich auch haufig übersehen. Ziel dieser ubersichtsarbeit ist, die klinischen und histologischen Veranderungen viraler Dermatosen bei Hunden und Katzen darzustellen. Berücksichtigung finden insbesondere Veranderungen, die direkt oder indirekt von Viren der Gattungen und Familien Papillomavirus, Ortho- und Parapoxvirus, Herpesvirus, Re-trovirus, Lentivirus, Morbillivirus und Parvovirus verursacht werden. Neueste Techniken wie DNA-Ampli-fikation machen den Nachweis kleinster viraler DNA- und RNA-Mengen moglich und vereinfachen so die Diagnosestellung. Allerdings darf nicht vergessen werden, dass der Nachweis viraler DNA in Hautlasionen noch keinen Beweis für das Vorliegen einerviralen Dermatose darstellt. Demzufolge ist es unerlasslich, zwischen Veranderungen, die direkt aufgrund einer Virusinfektion entstanden sind, und solchen, die mit viralen Erkrankungen nur assoziiert sind, zu unterscheiden. Auf Letztere wird im vorliegenden Artikel nur dann eingegangen, wenn besagte Assoziationen in der Literatur haufig erahnt werden. Einige Dermatosen, die indirekt durch Viren verursacht werden, zeichnen sich durch veranderte Proliferisationseigen-schaften oder Antigenitat der Hautzellen aus. Solche Modifikationen konnen mit Kanzerogenese oder immunologischen Reaktionen, wie beispielsweise einem Erythema multiforme, einhergehen.
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Canine distemper is a highly infectious disease, distributed throughout the world. It is characterized by lymphotropism, neurotropism, and epitheliotropism, resulting in severe clinical changes and death. We report on the clinical...
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Canine distemper is a highly infectious disease, distributed throughout the world. It is characterized by lymphotropism, neurotropism, and epitheliotropism, resulting in severe clinical changes and death. We report on the clinical and hematological findings of dogs with neurological distemper. Thirty-two mixed breed dogs of both sexes and of various age groups with clinical presentation suggestive of distemper with neurological involvement were evaluated. Blood and urine samples were collected for hematological and PCR analysis. Of the 32 animals evaluated by the RT-PCR technique, 22 were positive for the distemper virus. In the clinical presentation of distemper positive animals, neurological disorders stood out, with myoclonus being the most prevalent (18/22). In the hematological evaluation, erythrocytes and leukocytes were within the reference range; thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia were the most relevant findings in dogs with neurological involvement and could be used by veterinary clinicians as auxiliary diagnostic parameters.
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The study aimed to determine the status of neutralizing antibodies and rabies virus infection in dogs at slaughterhouses in Hanoi city from 2015 to 2017. A total of 2,376 pairs of blood and brain samples were collected from dogs a...
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The study aimed to determine the status of neutralizing antibodies and rabies virus infection in dogs at slaughterhouses in Hanoi city from 2015 to 2017. A total of 2,376 pairs of blood and brain samples were collected from dogs at 92 slaughterhouses (8 large slaughterhouses and 84 small slaughterhouses) in 6 districts in Hanoi. Of the 1,500 dog samples from the large slaughterhouses where imported dogs were slaughtered, no dog brain samples were infected with rabies virus and no blood samples were positive for rabies neutralizing antibodies. Meanwhile, 7/876 (0.8%) of dog brain samples from small slaughterhouses in which slaughtered local dogs were positive for rabies virus and 26.4% had neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of these rabies viruses showed that they all had a common origin with the domestic strains circulating in Northern Vietnam. Research results suggested that there was a potential risk of rabies transmission to humans through dog slaughtering activities in Vietnam. Vaccination for dogs should be strengthened, strictly implemented and frequently monitored to reach the rate of herd vaccination coverage as WHO's recommendation. Dog trading and slaughtering activities should be strictly monitored to minimize the risk of rabies transmission to humans.
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A Flavivirus survey on 183 hunting dogs was conducted in Campania region, Southern Italy. The seroprevalence value of 40.43% (74/183, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 33.37–47.49) detected in our study using a competitive enzyme-li...
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A Flavivirus survey on 183 hunting dogs was conducted in Campania region, Southern Italy. The seroprevalence value of 40.43% (74/183, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 33.37–47.49) detected in our study using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay (cELISA) proves a considerable level of Flavivirus exposition of these animals. Among the 74 cELISA-positive sera, seroneutralization (SN) test showed that 24 sera resulted positive for Usutu virus with an overall prevalence of 13.11% (24/183) (95% CI 8.27–17.95), but none of cELISA-positive samples resulted positive for West Nile virus. Data analysis showed a significant difference of cELISA seropositivity risk factors in case of presence of farm animals in contact with hunting dogs and for dogs living in a rural environment but not for gender, age, management, hunting season, and hunting abroad. A RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the Flavivirus RNA, but none of the blood samples tested positive. This study documents the first report regarding the circulation of Flavivirus in hunting dog in Southern Italy and suggests the dog as an interesting target to monitor Flavivirus circulation.
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A Flavivirus survey on 183 hunting dogs was conducted in Campania region, Southern Italy. The seroprevalence value of 40.43% (74/183, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 33.37-47.49) detected in our study using a competitive enzyme-lin...
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A Flavivirus survey on 183 hunting dogs was conducted in Campania region, Southern Italy. The seroprevalence value of 40.43% (74/183, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 33.37-47.49) detected in our study using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay (cELISA) proves a considerable level of Flavivirus exposition of these animals. Among the 74 cELISA-positive sera, seroneutralization (SN) test showed that 24 sera resulted positive for Usutu virus with an overall prevalence of 13.11% (24/183) (95% CI 8.27-17.95), but none of cELISA-positive samples resulted positive for West Nile virus. Data analysis showed a significant difference of cELISA seropositivity risk factors in case of presence of farm animals in contact with hunting dogs and for dogs living in a rural environment but not for gender, age, management, hunting season, and hunting abroad. A RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the Flavivirus RNA, but none of the blood samples tested positive. This study documents the first report regarding the circulation of Flavivirus in hunting dog in Southern Italy and suggests the dog as an interesting target to monitor Flavivirus circulation.
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Hepatitis E (HE) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection among dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south-west region of China...
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Hepatitis E (HE) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection among dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south-west region of China. A total of 4,490 dog serum samples and 2,206 relative practitioner serum samples were collected from 18 pet hospitals and dog farms in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou province, and the anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the total positive rate of anti-HEV antibodies was 36.55% with the highest rate in city stray dogs, and the differences in distinct species and growth phases were significant. The positive rate of anti-HEV antibody in veterinarian and farm staff-related practitioners was significantly higher than the general population. The finding of the present survey suggested that high HEV seroprevalence in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south-west area of China poses a significant public health concern. It is urgent to improve integrated strategies to detect, prevent and control HEV infection in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in this area.
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